The following is a list of articles on Peltier devices (if no hyperlink, coming soon)

The theory side

Busting conventional wisdom

Understanding efficiency

Understanding thermal models

The Peltier Model (MEDTEQ style)

Deeper understanding of the Peltier model

The full system model (external parts)

Using circuit simulators

Mathematical analysis

The application side

The butter cooler

The one beer cooler

Room air conditioning

The fridge (with moving parts)

The fridge (no moving parts)